一般现在时
1.一般现在时的定义:一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的性质,动作或状态的时态。常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用。如: We usually go to school at 7:30. 我们通常7:30上学去。[go] 2.一般现在时的结构及句型变化
构成:一般现在时的构成主要有两种形式:
(1)对于谓语动词或助动词是 be、have、can/may/must
a.肯定句中I am a student.I can swim.
b.否定句中,谓语动词或助动词是 be、have或者情态动词can/may/must 等,在将be动词,助动词,情态动词后加not.
She isn't a teacher.她不是教师。 I can’t swim.
c.一般疑问句,.对于谓语动词或助动词是 be、have或者情态动词can/may/must 等,将be动词,助动词,情态动词移到主语前面,句尾用问号 Are you ready? Yes,I am. No,I'm not. Can you swim? Yes, I can. No, I can’t. (2)实义动词型:句中的谓语动词为实义动词(也叫行为动词):
a.肯定句中,只出现实义动词,如: I get up in the morning.我早晨起床。
b.否定句中,要在实义动词前面加do(does)+not,do(does)作助动词,本身无意义,常与not缩写成don't(doesn't),如: I don't like vegetables.我不喜欢蔬菜。
c.一般疑问句,要在句子开头加助动词Do(does),句尾用问号,简略答语用Yes,主语+do(does).或No,主语+do(does)+not.如:
Do you like oranges?—你喜欢桔子吗? Yes,I do.—是的,我喜欢。 No,I don't.—不,我不喜欢。 3.一般现在时的用法详解
A--表示客观存在及普遍真理或表示格言或警句中。如: Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败
B--经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语: every„, sometimes, ofen,always. I leave home for school at 7 every morning C-- 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
D—表示按时间表拟定的或安排好的事情,或要发生的事动作。这种用法往往指严格按照时刻表进行或按照事先安排好的进行。 Flight Canada departs at 16:30.
E--在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。 If we do not have class tomorrow, we will have panic.
F--小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容,为了体现其“新鲜”性,也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。 4一般现在时注意的地方
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a--谓语动词表达的方式
如果主语是名词复数和第一人称I、 we ,谓语动词不用做任何变化,即仍然用动词原形表示:
My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。[give] 如果主语是任何一个单数名词或者是第三人称单数,谓语动词要进行必要的变化。特别提一点:不可数名词也算作单数处理。
谓语动词的变化规律是 (1) 在动词后加-s,read - reads,write - writes,say - says (2) 以s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾的词加-es teach - teaches,wash - washes,guess - guesses (3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es try - tries,carry - carries (4) 特殊变化的词 be 变为 am, is, are have变为 has
一、 单选
1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
A work works B works work C work are working D is working work
2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A have B there is C there are D has
3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain
4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets
5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen
6 Jenny____ English every evening.
A has study B studies C study D studied
1 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit.
2 _____your sister_____(know)English?
3Her home____ _____ ______(远离 )her school.
4The pot_____(not look) like yours very much.
5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day?
6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?
7 ______she_____(do) the housework every day?
8 Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .
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1. He often ______(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _____(be) in Class One. 3. We _____(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick____(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______they_____(like) the World Cup? 6. What_____they___ often ____ (do) on Saturdays? 7._____ your parents_____(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl____(teach) us English on Sundays. 9.Mike _____(like) cooking
答案:1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B
答案:1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesn't look 5 do have 6 wants 7 does do 8 play 易出错的地方:
一.单三人称形式易出错
例:1 He plaies (play) football very well. 2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10. 答案:1 plays 2 goes
解析:1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es;2与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es. 二、在句式变换时易出错
例:1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend? 2 Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China. 答案:1 Does have 2 doesn’t live
解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.
三、对do的理解易出错
例:We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon. 答案:don’t do
解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动词,无实义;c)是一个具体的行为动词“做,干”。此句中给出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词don’t。 四、对主语的数判断有误
例: Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing. 答案: is
解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,故用is.
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现在进行时 定义
现在进行时的定义:表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或事情。
构成
现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式
变化规则
现在分词是在动词后加上ing 构成。如:starting,working, coming, sitting 等都是现在分词。现在分词的变化规则是固定的,大家用心记一下就可以了。 (1)直接在谓语动词后加ing. 例如:going, starting, working,looking.
(2)去掉词尾不发音的e,再加ing. 例如 leaving,making,coming,writing. 注意:如果单词结尾的e发音,则不能去掉,也直接加ing. 例如:see -seeing/agree - agreeing . 另外,有少数动词比较特殊,请用心记住:例如:lie - lying/die - dying/tie - tying/picnic - picnicking. (3) 对于重读闭音节词,双写末尾字母再加ing. 例如:sitting, beginning,getting,putting. 这一条规律,必须要弄清什么是“重读闭音节”。下面再举一些双写的例子: run - running stop - stopping cut - cutting control - controlling
常用的动词现在分词
play (游玩)—playing write (写)—writing study (学习)—studying make (做)—making stop (停止)—stopping take (取)—taking
cut (砍)—cutting arrive (到达)—arriving sit (坐)—sitting drive (驾驶)—driving run (跑)—running move (移动)—moving swim (游泳)—swimming cook (烹调)—cooking live (住)—living look (看)—looking come (来)—coming speak (说)—speaking
现在进行时的基本用法:
A 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you.
B. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已经安排了) we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了)
时间状语
可用来表示现在进行时的时间状语,常用的有:now, this week, at this moment 等;或
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者告诉你一个准确的现在时间,或者用look, listen提醒听者注意正在发生的事。 They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 Listen! She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 It's 6:30 now. I am getting up. 现在是6:30.我正在起床。
使用场合
1.当句中出现的表示时间的词是now, at the moment (此刻、现在)等时,表示句子要说明的是现在正在发生的事,动词应用现在进行时。
Linda's brother is watching TV in his bedroom now. 琳达的哥哥现在正在他的卧室里看电视。
We're far from home. What are our parents doing at the moment? 我们现在远离家,我们的父母此刻在干什么呢?
2.当句中出现的时间状语是these days, this week, this month等时,如果句子所要表达的意义是在这一阶段正在发生的事,则动词应用现在进行时。
These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm. 这些天我们在农场帮农民们干活。 They're having a test this week. 这一周他们在进行一次考试。
Mr Cheng is visiting our village this month. 这个月程先生在我们村访问。 3.在句中出现了Look, Listen, Can't you see? 等暗示词时,说明后面谓语动词的动作正在发生,该动词应用现在进行时。
Look! Maria and Tom are dancing under the tree. 看!玛丽亚和汤姆正在树下跳舞。 Listen! Our English teacher is singing the popular English song. 听!我们英语老师正在唱那首流行的英文歌曲。
Many children are swimming in the river. Can't you see? 许多小孩在河里游泳,你难道看不见吗?
4.注意根据上下文的暗示,句子的谓语动词可能应用现在进行时。 — Where is Mr Wang? 王先生在哪儿?
— Oh, he is reading a newspaper in the office. 噢,他正在办公室看报。 (问句询问王先生在哪儿,应说明他现在在哪儿,故答句应说明他现在正在做的事,用现在进行时。) —Is that boy Jack?那个男孩是杰克吗?
— No,Jack is doing his homework in the classroom. 不是,杰克正在教室做作业呢。 (答句中说明的杰克做作业的情况应发生在现在,应用现在进行时。)
没有进行时的动词
表示状态、思想、感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作,因 此一般不能用进行时。 1 表示感觉的感官动词
例如:see (看见)、hear (听见)、notice (留意)等动词。我们不 能说:
(×)I'm hearing the sound. (О)I hear the sound. 我听见声音。
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(×)Are you hearing the noise of a plane ? (O)Do you hear the noise of a plane ? 你听到飞机的声音吗?
但是,如果hear 不表示“听见”的意思时,可用进行时。 They are hearing an English lecture. 他们在听一个英语讲座。
2 表示态度和感情、心理状态、继续等意思的动词
如:like (喜欢)、love (爱)、know (知道)、want (需要)、hope (希望)、hate (恨)、think (认为)、agree (同意)、believe (相信) 等。
(×)I'm liking dogs.
(O)I like dogs.我喜欢狗。 3. have (has )当“拥有”讲时 (×)I'm having a lot of books.
(O)I have a lot of books.我有许多书本。
但当have (has )当“吃饭、开会⋯⋯玩得愉快⋯⋯”等意思时,可用进行时。We are having a good time.我们玩得很愉快。
一般现在时和现在进行时的区别
一般现在时表示经常性的动作;而现在进行时表示暂时性的动作。 He walks to work. 他步行上班。(习惯、经常性的动作) He's walking to work because his bike is being repaired. 他现在走着上班,因为他的自行车正在修理。(只是暂时的情况) Where does he live ? 他家住在哪儿?(询问一般的情况) Where is he living (staying )?
他这几天住在哪儿?(询问暂时一段时间的情况)
现在进行时有时可用来代替一般现在时,表达说话人的某种感惰,使句子有强烈的感情色彩。常与always ,forever 连用。
You are always forgetting the important thing. 你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪)
Mary is doing fine work at school.玛丽在学校学习得挺不错。 (比Mary does fine work.更富有赞许的意思)
swim (游泳)—swimming cook (烹调)—cooking live (住)—living look (看)—looking come (来)—coming speak (说)—speaking
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