大学英语四级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷8 (题后含答案

及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. Translation

Part I Writing

1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on population aging. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

正确答案： Focus On Population Aging Nowadays, the world is undergoing a period of great prosperity and various problems. Population aging is one of the social problems we have to confront with now. In the picture, it shows that the rate of population aging has been accelerating and the number of elders will run up to 87 million by the year 2050. It is high time that we focused on the matter of population aging. The situation of population aging has become increasingly severe and its problems have come to the fore. Firstly, with smaller families and escalating pace of life, it is even graver for families to care for aged members adequately. Secondly, population aging may cause a decline in work force, which will consequently affect the productivity of the whole society. Personally speaking, to build a solid economic foundation is the first thing we should do. Then, greater capitals should be invested in social security and welfare. And family care and community services shall also be encouraged.

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

听力原文：M: What do you want me to get? I’m leaving now. W: Pick up a bar of soap and a loaf of bread, please. Q: Where is the man probably going?

2．

A．To a barbershop. B．To the grocer’s. C．To a book store. D．To a restaurant.

正确答案：B

解析：结合对话中女士说的Pick up a bar of soap and a loaf of bread，please可推断，男士想要去日用杂货店买东西，故答案为B)。

听力原文：M: Shall we go to see the movie this weekend? A good movie will be on show at the West Wood Theatre. W: I have to hand in my report next Monday. And I heard the theatre would give students a 50 % discount on Tuesday. Q: When does the woman prefer to watch the movie?

3．

A．On Monday. B．On Tuesday. C．On Saturday. D．On Sunday.

正确答案：B

解析：结合男士说的shall we go to see the movie this weekend及女士说的…I heard…a 50％ discount on Tuesday可推断，女士想周二去看电影，故答案为B)。

听力原文：M: I’d like to reserve two tickets on Flight 6051 to Edinburgh, for October 20.W: Sorry, Sir. They’re booked up on the 20th. But we still have a few seats available on the 21st. Q: When could the man leave for Edinburgh?

4．

A．On October 2. B．On October 8. C．On October 20. D．On October 21.

正确答案：D 解析：结合女士所说的Sorry，Sir．They’re booked up on the 20th．But we still have a few seats available on the 21st可推断，男士只能买到10月21日的机票，故答案为D)。

听力原文：M: Annie, how does it not even cross your mind that you might want a future with someone? W: It’s simple. I don’t mind being married to my career. Q: What’s Annie’s attitude towards her future?

5．

A．She will live a simple life. B．She will fully focus on her job. C．She will quit her job to get married. D．She will stay with someone unmarried.

正确答案：B

解析：对话中男士问女士how does it not even cross your mind that you might want a future with someone?(你脑海中怎么就没有将来结婚的想法呢?)，女士则提到I don’t mind being married to my career．(我不介意和职业结婚)，言外之意，女士想着专注于工作，故答案为B)。

听力原文：W: I’m tired of driving all the way to work and back every day. If

only cars could drive themselves. M: Well, some car manufactures are working on them. I guess you’ll soon buy one if you can afford it. Q: What does the man imply?

6．

A．Driving to work is really a headache.

B．The woman will be able to buy an intelligent car. C．Cars that drive themselves may be very expensive. D．He is working with a car producer on intelligent cars.

正确答案：C

解析：对话中女士提到If only cars could drive themselves．(要是汽车可以无人驾驶就好了)，男士接着提到some car manufactures are working on them．I guess you’ll soon buy one if you can afford it．(一些厂家正在生产无人驾驶汽车。如果你有钱，我猜你很快就能买到一辆。)由此可知，男士认为无人驾驶汽车很昂贵，故答案为C)。

听力原文：M: What kind of snacks do you prefer? W: Oh, I’ve got a sweet tooth, you know. Q: What does the woman probably like?

7．

A．Sandwich. B．Hot dogs. C．Ice cream. D．Potato chips.

正确答案：C 解析：对话中男士问女士What kind of snacks do you prefer?(你更喜欢哪种零食?)，女士则提到I’ve got a sweet tooth．(我喜欢吃甜食)，故答案为C)。

听力原文：W: The house seems in a bad shape.M: Yes, we’ve decided to rebuild it from scratch. Q: What would the man probably do to the house?

8．

A．He would tear it down first. B．He would make some repairs. C．He would rebuild it by himself.

D．He would scratch the paint off its surface.

正确答案：A

解析：对话中女士提到The house seems in a bad shape．(房子看起来不结实了。)，男士接着提到we’ve decided to rebuild it from scratch．(我们决定重新翻盖新房)，故答案为A)。

听力原文：M: I ate four hamburgers, Mom.W: Well, you’ve made a pig of yourself. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

9．

A．The hamburgers were delicious.

B．Ted ate too many hamburgers. C．Pigs love hamburgers too. D．Ted looks overweight.

正确答案：B

解析：对话中男孩提到I ate four hamburgers(我吃了四个汉堡)，男孩的妈妈则提到you’ve made a pig of yourself．(你吃得太多了)，妈妈认为男孩吃的汉堡太多了，故答案为B)。

听力原文：W: Stan, do you have a minute?M: Oh, hi, Cathy. Sure. What’s up?W: Well, I’ve been meaning to talk to you about the situation in the office.M: I’m not in there very often. It’s so noisy that I can’t work...W: That’s exactly what I’m getting at. We’re supposed to be able to do our preparation and marking in that office, but have you noticed, Jack constantly has students coming in to get help with his course. A lot of people are going in and out. M: Has anybody spoken to him about it? W: No, not yet, but someone’s going to have to.M: We can’t really ask him to stop having students come in for help, can we? W: No, of course not. But I’m not able to do my work and neither are you. I imagine it’s the same for the others in the office. M: Hmmm, could we ask for a kind of meeting room? When the teachers have to talk with a student, they could go to the meeting room and not use the office. You know, there’s a room down the hall, a rather small room that we could ask to use. It’s only for storing supplies. W: You mean that little storage room? Oh, that would be too small. M: Are you sure? With the cabinets taken out, it might be bigger than it looks. W: Come to think of it, you may be on to something. I’d like to have a look at that room. Can we go there now?Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. What problem at the office are Cathy and Stan discussing?10. Why do Jack’s students come to see him?11. What does Stan suggest they do?12. What does Cathy say about Stan’s suggestion?

10．

A．There is too much noise. B．There aren’t enough cabinets.

C．Office supplies are taking up space.

D．Some teaching assistants don’t have desks.

正确答案：A

解析：选中的noise，aren’t enough cabinets等表明，本题可能考查办公室的设施或环境中存在的问题。对话中男士先提到It’s so noisy that I can’t work，女士接着说That’s exactly what I’m getting at，然后二人就此问题展开了讨论，故答案为A)。get at意为“了解，知悉”。

11．

A．To chat with Jack.

B．To get help in the course.

C．To hand in their assignments. D．To practise giving interviews.

正确答案：B

解析：选项均以To+do开头表明，本题考查做某事的目的或原因。对话中女士提到Jack constantly has students coming in to get help with his course，由此可知，杰克的学生过来是为了寻求课程方面的帮助，故答案为B)。

12．

A．Give Jack a different office. B．Try to get a room for meetings. C．Complain to the department head.

D．Move the supplies to the storage room.

正确答案：B

解析：选项均以原形动词开头表明，本题可能考查观点建议。A)、B)、D)都与房间有关，C)与其他选项关系不大，故可初步排除。男士提到 could we ask for a kind of meeting room?…they could go to the meeting room and not use the office表明，男士建议他们找一个专门用作会面的房间，不要占用办公室，答案为B)。

13．

A．The other teachers should be consulted. B．They’d have to get permission. C．She thinks it might work. D．Jack wouldn’t like it.

正确答案：C

解析：选项中的should，thinks，wouldn’t like等表明，本题可能考查对某事的观点看法。对话最后女士提到you may be on to something．I’d like to have a look at that room，由此可知，女士觉得男士的建议可能有效，故答案为C)。

听力原文：W: So, how are things going, Steve?M: Well, to be honest, Carla, I was feeling great on Saturday, but I started to feel sick on Sunday afternoon. I thought I’d get better, but I feel worse than before. And I’m even really worse because I’m scheduled to have a presentation at work on Friday. W: Well, what seems to be the problem? M: Well, I thought I had a flu, but the doctor said it was just a bad cold. He gave me some cold medicine to take care of my stuffy nose and fever. I’m supposed to take the medicine three times a day after eating, but it doesn’t seem to help. He also told me to stay off my feet for a day or so, but I’m so busy these days. W: Listen, forget about that medicine! I have just the thing to get rid of bad colds. You see, my mom is really into herbal medicine. M: Oh, no, thanks. W: Ah, come on! Give it a try. You just take some of my mom’s herbal tea and drink it four times a day. Believe me. You’ll be up and dancing around in no time. M: Dancing around in no time, right?

Well, I guess, nothing else seems to be doing the job. W: Great. I’ll come by your place at 7:30. See you then.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. What’s the matter with the man?14. When did the man start getting ill?15. What does the woman suggest the man to do?

14．

A．He has a cold. B．He has a flu.

C．He has a stomachache. D．He has a toothache.

正确答案：A 解析：选项表明，本题考查男士具体的病情。由男士提到的but the doctor said it was just a bad cold可知，男士患了重感冒，故答案为A)。but转折处是常考点，其后的内容通常是答案。

15．

A．On Friday. B．On Saturday. C．On Sunday. D．On Monday.

正确答案：C

解析：选项表明，本题考查时间。根据男士提到的but I started to feel sick on Sunday afternoon可知，男士是在星期天开始生病的，故答案为C)。选项中的时间均在对话中出现过，故听清问题是关键，

16．

A．Take herbal medicine. B．See another doctor. C．Drink chicken soup. D．Stay in bed.

正确答案：A

解析：选项中的Take herbal medicine，See another doctor等表明，本题可能考查治疗疾病的观点建议。根据女士提到的my mom is really into herbal medicine以及Give it a try．You just take some of my mom’s herbal tea…可知，女士建议男士喝中药，故答案为A)。herbal medicine“中药”。

Section B

听力原文： When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”. My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her, then there were baths, playing

catch and many other games. Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around. One day, as I was getting her food, she chewed up one of Dad’s shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said “Bad girl,” she looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes. Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet. She went everywhere with us. People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course she’d let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when we’d be out walking and a small child would come over and pull on her hair. She never barked or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she loved everyone. Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age. I still miss the days when she was with us.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family?17. What do we learn about Brownie from the passage?18. Why does the speaker say that Brownie was more than just a family pet?

17．

A．Look at them sadly. B．Touch them gently. C．Keep them company. D．Play games with them.

正确答案：C 解析：由短文中提到的she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them可知，当家里有人生病时，Brownie会陪着他们，故答案为C)。C)项是对be with them的同义转述。

18．

A．She disliked the speaker’s dad. B．She felt scary for her mistake. C．She loved playing hide-and-seek. D．She would eat anything when hungry.

正确答案：B 解析：由短文中提到的she looked down at the ground…went and hid…a tear in her eyes(她低头看着地面……走开躲起来……眼里有泪水)可推断出，Brownie应该是对自己咬破了鞋这件事感到抱歉和害怕，故答案为B)。

19．

A．She was loved by everybody she met. B．She went everywhere with the family. C．She played games with anyone she liked. D．She was treated as a member of the family.

正确答案：A

解析：选项中的She was loved by everybody和treated as a member of the family表明，本题可能与人们对她的喜爱有关。由短文中提到的People would stop and ask if they could pet her以及She was just the most lovable dog可知，除了说话者的家人之外，其他看到它的人也都很喜欢它，故答案为A)。more than意为“超出，不仅仅”。

听力原文： When you’re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera, the stresses of the world seem a million miles away. Hey, stop! This is no vacation—you have to finish something! Here lies the problem for travel writer and food critic Edie Jarolim. “I always loved traveling and always liked to eat, but it never occurred to me that 1 could make money doing both of those things,” Jarolim said. Now you can read her travel advice everywhere in Arts and Antiques, in Brides, or in one of her three books—The Complete Idiot Travel Guide to Mexico’s Beach Resorts. Her job in travel writing began some eight years ago. After getting a Ph.D. in English in Canada she took a test for Frommer’s Travel Guides, passed it, and got the job. After working at Frommer’s, Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London, then Fodor’s, where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U.S. that she moved there. Now as a travel writer, she spends one-third of her year on the road. The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson, Arizona. As adventurous as the job sounds, the hard part is fact-checking all the information. Sure, it’s great to write about a tourist attraction, but you’d better get the local museum hours correct or you could really ruin someone’s vacation.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. Which country does Jarolim live in now?20. What is most difficult for Jarolim?21. What do we know about Jarolim from the passage?

20．

A．Mexico. B．The U.S. C．The U.K. D．Canada.

正确答案：B

解析：选项表明，本题考查地点场所，听音时捕捉关键信息词对号入座即可选出答案。由短文中提到的she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U．S．that she moved there可知，Jarolim现在住在美国，故答案为B)。

21．

A．Passing a test to write travel guides. B．Finishing her work as soon as possible.

C．Checking all the facts to be written in the guides. D．Working in different places to collect information.

正确答案：C 解析：由短文中提到的the hard part is fact—checking all the information可知，实地调查最难，故答案为C)。C)项中的Checking all the facts与fact—checking对应，问题中的difficult与hard对应。

22．

A．She is successful in her job. B．She finds her life full of stresses. C．She spends half of her time traveling. D．She is especially interested in museums.

正确答案：A 解析：由短文中提到的I could make money doing both of those things以及you can read her travel advice everywhere可推断出，作为旅行作家，她在工作中取得了成功，故答案为A)，综合信息点进行推理判断是解答本题的关键。

听力原文： Brian arrived at the San Francisco airport two hours before the flight to Paris. He was wearing three shirts, a jacket, two pairs of socks, a pair of shorts, and two pairs of jeans. He was carrying one small backpack, which was very full, but he didn’t have any other luggage. Brian needed to meet a man named Tony before he checked in for his flight. He found Tony near the Air France counter. Tony gave him a round-trip ticket and a small package. “Give this package to Jean-Paul at the airport in Paris. He will have a sign with your name on it. I think you can find him easily,” Tony said. “You don’t have any luggage, right?” “Only this backpack,” Brian answered. “You said I could bring one carry-on bag.” “That’s right. One carry-on bag is fine. Have a good trip.” “Thanks.” Is Brian a criminal? Not at all. He is an air courier. And he paid only $110 for the round-trip ticket to Paris. Air couriers get cheap airline tickets because they take important packages and papers to foreign countries. Businesses sometimes need to get packages and papers to people in foreign countries by the next day. Often, the only way they can do this is to use an air-courier company. It is not cheap for a business to send a package with an air courier, but it is quick. Every year about 80,000 people worldwide travel as air couriers. The number of tickets for courier travel is growing by about 10 percent a year. However, air-courier travel isn’t for everyone. But if you have very little money, can be flexible about your travel plans, and don’t mind wearing the same clothes for a week, it can be a great way to take a vacation!Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. Why was Brian wearing so many clothes for his travel?23. What do we learn about an air courier’s job from the passage?24. Why do businesses choose the air-courier service according to the passage?25. What is one of the disadvantages of traveling as an air courier?

23．

A．He did not have any luggage with him. B．That made him easier to be recognized.

C．They were the uniforms for air couriers. D．His backpack had no room for his clothes.

正确答案：D

解析：选项中的luggage，uniforms和backpack表明，本题考查He随身携带的物品或他的穿着 由短文中提到的He was carrying one small backpack，which was very full可知，他身穿这么多衣服，不是不想装在背包里，而是背包很小且已经塞满了，D)中had no room是对短文中full的同义转述，故答案为D)。

24．

A．He organizes international flights for tourists. B．He travels around the world with cheap tickets.

C．He delivers papers and packages to foreign countries. D．He manages a business company in foreign countries.

正确答案：C 解析：选项中主语都为He，由一系列动词organizes，travels，delivers，manages 以及它们的宾语可知，本题考查He工作的相关情况。由短文中提到的Air couriers…take important packages and papers to foreign countries可知，空中信使的职责就是往国外运送重要的文件或包裹，C)的表述与此一致，故为答案，其中delivers与短文中的take同义。听清问题中的an air courier’s job，明白选项中的He指的是和Brian拥有同样工作的一类人。

25．

A．It costs less. B．It is flexible. C．It saves time. D．It grows fast.

正确答案：C 解析：选项主语均为It以及选项中的costs less，flexible，saves time和grows fast表明，本题考查It的好处。由短文中提到的to use an air—courier company…is not cheap…but it is quick可知，空中信使公司提供的服务并不便宜，但是速度很快。C)中的saves time是对短文中quick的同义转述，故答案为C)。前面提出Businesses的问题，后面给出解决的办法。注意此类“提出问题一给出解决办法”的逻辑关系。

26．

A．He has to wear two pairs of jeans. B．He cannot take any luggage with him. C．He saves little money from the travel.

D．He cannot decide when and where to travel.

正确答案：D

解析：由选项主语均为He以及选项中的has to，cannot，saves little money和cannot decide均是表否定意义的词汇可知，本题考查He工作中不好的一面。由短文中提到的But if you…can be flexible about your travel plans…it can be a great way to take a vacation可知，自己的旅行计划比较灵活，即能满足客户时间和地点的需要，在这个前提下，空中信使的工作对个人而言才是比较好的旅行方式。也就是说，空中信使无法决定自己何时去何地旅行，D)的表述与此一致，故为答案。But转折处和if条件处所表达的观点常设为考点。

Section C

In many countries seat belts are now compulsory for the driver and the front seat passenger at least. Doctors believe that seat belts save people from being seriously hurt in a【B1】______. but there are some people who still think it is more【B2】______to wear a seat belt than not to wear one. They think that seat belts may【B3】______people in a car that is burning, or that has fallen into the water, so that they are burnt to death or【B4】______. But less than half of one percent of car accidents lead to fire or sinking, and in any case, a seat belt may easily save a person from being knocked【B5】______in an accident, so that he or she is able to undo the seat belt immediately and【B6】______the automobile. Some people say that it is an【B7】______on their freedom to force them to wear a seat belt. But even in【B8】______countries there are many things people are denied the right to do though they want to do them. How does this affect seat belts? In what way does it【B9】______the rights of others if someone refuses to wear a seat belt? Well, common sense tells us that a driver without a seat belt has less control of a car, if there is an accident. In that case, the driver【B10】______be a danger to others, who after all also have the right to be protected as much as possible from accidents.

27． 【B1】

正确答案：crash 解析：空前的a表明本空应填一名词，根据上文所述，本词还应与驾车有关。crash意为“撞车，车祸”。

28． 【B2】

正确答案：dangerous

解析：空前的is，more…than表明，本空应填一多音节形容词。dangerous意为“危险的”。

29． 【B3】

正确答案：trap

解析：空前的may表明本空应填一原形动词。trap在此意为“困住，套住”。

30． 【B4】

正确答案：drowned

解析：空前are burnt to death对应burning，所以本空应填一与has fallen into the water对应的表示不好结果的动词，极可能是drowned“溺亡”。

31． 【B5】

正确答案：unconsciously

解析：句子成分很完整，可知本空应填一副词来修饰动词knocked。unconsciously意为“不知不觉地，无意识地”。

32． 【B6】

正确答案：get out of 解析：空前的连词and表明，…the automobile是undo the seat belt immediately之后发生的动作，由此可以推测，此处可能是表示“逃出”汽车。get out of意为“从……中逃脱”。

33． 【B7】

正确答案：attack

解析：空前的an表明本空应填一以元音音素开头的单数可数名词。attack在此意为“破坏，侵害”。

34． 【B8】

正确答案：democratic

解析：空前的介词in和空后的名词countries表明，介宾结构中的宾语countries前缺少形容词，故本空应填一形容词修饰countries。democratic意为“民主的”。

35． 【B9】

正确答案：interfere with

解析：分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语部分，故本空应填一动词(短语)。interfere with意为“妨碍，干涉”。

36． 【B10】

正确答案：is more likely to

解析：空后的be表明，本空应填一情态动词或后面可接不定式的动词短语。is more likely to意为“更有可能……”。

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

American universities are rushing towards a wireless future. They are installing networks that let students and teachers surf the Internet from laptop computers(笔记本电脑). But professors say the technology poses a growing【C1】______: Retaining their students’ attention. In a classroom at American University in Washington D.C., the benefits and【C2】______of the new wireless work were on display. From the back row of a lecture hall, more than a dozen laptop screens were【C3】______. As Professor Jay Mallek lectured on the finer points of an office budget, many students went online to surf the Internet. Students write quick emails and send instant messages. A young man shows an amusing email to the women next to him, and then switches over to read the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. Distraction is nothing【C4】______. As long as there have been schools, students have whispered, passed notes and even gazed out the window and daydreamed. But the【C5】______of the laptop has introduced new opportunities for distraction, and wireless introduces an even【C6】______range of distraction. This is【C7】______annoying for law professors, many of whom still live in the world of paper. “This is something that hurts the students themselves,” said Ian Ayres, professor at Yale Law School, who【C8】______the Internet’s entry into the classroom. However, Professor Mallek sees it【C9】______. He said the benefits of the technology outweigh(胜过)the problems. He suggested that it might even be making him a better teacher. He takes the【C10】______of losing his students to email and online newspapers as a challenge to keep lectures lively and interesting.A)visible I)newB)threat J)demonstratesC)possible K)largerD)opposes L)differentlyE)obstacle M)challengeF)especially N)arrivalG)broader O)advantages H)drawbacks

37． 【C1】

正确答案：M

解析：根据空前的a growing…可判断此处应填入一个名词，可选的词有B)threat、E)obstacle、H)drawbacks、M)challenge、N)arrival和O)advantages。文章第二段提到学生在课堂上利用无线网络上网、收发邮件等，这在很大程度上分散了学生的课堂注意力，由此可知，在这种情况下对于教授们来说要抓住学生的注意力是一项巨大的挑战，而不是障碍，故答案为M)challenge。

38． 【C2】

正确答案：H

解析：根据空前的并列结构可知，此处应填入一个名词。本段主要谈论了无线上网技术出现之后学生注意力分散的情况增多了，很显然这是在校园中推行无

线网络的弊端，而非优点，故选H)drawbacks。

39． 【C3】

正确答案：A

解析：此处应填入一个形容词，与前面的were构成系表结构，用来说明主语laptop screens，答案从下面这些词中选择：A)visible、C)possible、G)broader、I)new和K)larger。本句所要表达的意思是：从礼堂的最后一排往前看，可见很多电脑。在备选的形容词中只有A)visible(可见的，看得见的)符合文意。

40． 【C4】

正确答案：I

解析：根据空前的系动词is可判断，此处应填入一个形容词。后文提到，学生在课堂上注意力不集中，如交头接耳、传递纸条以及看着窗外发呆的情况由来已久，由此可以推断，此处指的是学生在课堂上注意力分散的情况并不新鲜。故I)new(新的)符合文意。

41． 【C5】

正确答案：N

解析：根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应填入一个名词，作of所属结构的中心词，因此B)threat、E)obstacle、N)arrival和O)advantages待选。前文提到，笔记本电脑被带进课堂，而本句的句意为：笔记本电脑的——为注意力分散提供了新的机会。本题的强干扰项是O)advantages，由于全文讲的是笔记本电脑的出现对于课堂教学造成的影响，并未侧重于它的优势，所以排除。故答案为N)arrival(到达，到来)。

42． 【C6】

正确答案：G

解析：根据空前的副词even及空后的名词range of distraction可判断，此处应填一个形容词，用来修饰名词。本句句意为：笔记本已经增加了注意力分散的机会，再加上无线网络的话，机会就更多了，此处存在递进关系，因而需要填一个形容词的比较级形式：而形容范围广泛应该用broad，而不用large，故本空应选G)broader。

43． 【C7】

正确答案：F

解析：分析句子结构可知，此句结构完整，再根据空后的形容词annoying可判断，此处应填入一个副词。前文中只是泛泛地讲无线网络使学生注意力分散的情况，本段则专门举出了例子。能够表示这种从一般到特殊的关系的是F)especially(尤其，特别)，而不是L)differently。故答案为F)especially。

44． 【C8】

正确答案：D

解析：分析句子结构可知，who引导的定语从句中缺少谓语动词，故此处应填一个动词。根据Professor Ayres所说的话：新技术是对学生自身的伤害，可以推断出Professor Ayres是反对互联网进入教室的，因此应选D)opposes。

45． 【C9】

正确答案：L

解析：根据空前的动词sees可判断，此处应填入一个副词来修饰动词，表示某人看待某物的方式。前文提到，耶鲁大学的Ian Ayres教授反对网络进入教室，而此句中的however及后一句中Mallek教授所表达的观点都表明，Mallek教授与Ian Ayres教授对此事所持的观点应该是不同的。故答案为L)differently(不同地，有差别地)。

46． 【C10】

正确答案：B 解析：根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应填一个名词。of losing his students是用来修饰空格处所填名词的，由此可以判断该名词应该是表否定、消极意义的。在备选的名词中表达此意的词有B)threat(威胁，恐吓)，E)obstacle(障碍，绊脚石)可选。但对于老师来说，学生的注意力转移到emil或在线报纸不是一种障碍，而是一种成胁，故选B)threat。

Section B

Wired for Distraction: Kids and Social Media?A)Most parents who worry about their kids’ online activity focus on the people or content their children might encounter: Are they being cyberbullied? Do they have access to age-inappropriate material? Can sexual predators(色狼)reach them? What I worry about, as a sociobiologist, is not what my kids are doing on the Internet but what all this connectivity is doing to their brains. Scientific evidence increasingly suggests that, amid all the texting, poking and surfing, our children’s digital lives are turning them into much different creatures from us — and not necessarily for the better.B)For starters, there is the problem of what some researchers refer to as continuous partial attention, a term coined by former Microsoft executive Linda Stone. We know the dangers of texting or talking on the phone while operating a motor vehicle — but what about when forming a brain? A Kaiser Family Foundation report released last year found that on average, children ages 8 to 18 spend 7 hours and 38 min. a day using entertainment media. And if you count each content stream separately — a lot of kids, for example, text while watching TV — they are logging almost 11 hours of media usage a day.C)You(or your children)might think the people who have had the

most practice dealing with distractions would be the most adept at multitasking. But a 2009 study found that when extraneous(与正题无关的)information was presented, participants who(on the basis of their answers to a study questionnaire)did a lot of media multitasking performed worse on a test than those who don’t do much media multitasking. In the test, a trio of Stanford University researchers showed college students an image of a bunch of rectangles(矩形)in various orientations and asked them to focus on a couple of red ones in particular. Then the students were shown a second, very similar image and asked if the red rectangles had been rotated. The heavy media multitaskers were wrong more often — because, the study concluded, they are more sensitive to distracting stimuli than light media multitaskers are.D)We have separate circuits, it turns out, for top-down focus — i.e., when we set our mind to concentrate on something — and reactive attention, when our brain reflexively tunes in to novel stimuli. We obviously need both for survival, whether in the wilds of prehistory or while crossing a street today, but our saturated(饱和的)media universe has perhaps privileged the latter form and is wiring our kids’ brains differently. “Each time we get a message or text,” Anthony Wagner, one of the Stanford study’s coauthors, speculates, “our dopamine(多巴胺)reward circuits probably get activated, since the desire for social connection is so wired into us.” The result, he suggests, could be a forward-feeding cycle in which we pay more and more attention to environmental stimuli — Hey, another text! — at the expense of focus.E)Constant distraction affects not only how well kids learn but also how their brains absorb the new information. In 2006, UCLA scientists showed that multitaskers and focused learners deploy(调动)different parts of the brain when they learn the same thing. Multitaskers fire up their striatum(终脑的皮层), which encodes the learning more like habit, or what’s known as procedural memory. Meanwhile, those who were allowed to focus on the task without distraction relied on the hippocampus(海马体), which is at the heart of the declarative memory circuit that comes into play, say, in math class when you need to apply abstract rules to novel problems. The upshot of the study was that the focusers could apply the new skill more broadly but the multitaskers could not. Multitaskers’ reliance on rote habit would be all well and good if we want our offspring to work on assembly lines, but to do the kind of high-level thinking that experts agree will be key to getting well-paying jobs, we’d better exercise our collective hippocampus.F)Some technology observers, like Danah Boyd, a fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society, claim that social media are getting a bum rap(不公正的对待)and that the real problem lies in the hyperprotective way we parent today. “Over and over, kids tell me that they’d rather get together in person, but then they list off all of the things that make doing so impossible” — like their overscheduled after-school lives or parents’ fears of kids navigating the streets alone, she says.G)Stone has observed something similar in technology use among adolescents: “When they’re with friends, they won’t answer their cell phone. And if they get an SMS, they will just answer, ‘BZ, L8R.’ “ Perhaps this is a sign that our kids will be better than we are at learning how to prioritize tasks — something that will come in handy when they become workers and spouses and parents.H)But I am still concerned about the effect that 24/7 connectivity has on my

kids — and on my 11-year-old son in particular. School-lunchroom behavior — gossipy whispers, competition for attention, etc. — now goes on around the clock. There’s no downtime, no alone time for him to develop his sense of self. I)So what’s a good dad to do? I’ve set some rules that are designed to aid his social and cognitive development: no during school, and no electronic devices after 9:30 p.m. The latter prohibition is designed to help him get more sleep, which, according to some studies, is when our brains prune connections among neurons, preserving and speeding up the ones that matter and flushing out the ones that don’t. “Unfortunately, the new modes of communication and hours spent using them are preventing already sleep-deprived teens from getting any, which affects memory consolidation and behavioral regulation,” says B.J. Casey, director of Cornell’s Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology. Even if kids get nine to 10 hours of sleep but sustain multiple interruptions — from, say, a buzzing iPhone next to the pillow — they will suffer cognitively and feel tired the next day. Hence my 9:30 rule, which falls into that age-old parenting category: Do as I say, not as I do.

47． According to a 2009 study, people who did a lot of media multitasking made more fault on the test.

正确答案：C 解析：根据题目中的线索词a 2009 study，did a lot of media multitasking和test将本题出处定位于C)段第2句。该句提到，一项2009年的研究发现，当接受不相关的信息时，经常处理多项媒体任务的参与者(根据他们在一份研究问卷上的作答)在测试上要比不怎么经常处理多项媒体任务的参与者表现得糟糕，即大量处理多项媒体任务的人出错率更高。题干是对原文的同义转述。

48． In order to help his son get more sleep, the author forbids his son to use electronic devices after 9:30 p.m.

正确答案：I

解析：根据题目中的线索词help his son get more sleep和electronic devices atier 9：30 p．m将本题出处定位于I)段第2、3句。该段第2句说，作者制定了一些规则来帮助儿子的社会和认知发展：上学期间不许登录，晚上9：30以后关闭所有的电子设备。接着第3句解释说后一种是为了让儿子多一些睡眠，因为根据一些研究，睡眠时间是大脑删除神经元间的联系的时间，保存和加深需要的联系，删除无用的联系。题干将原文两句话的信息整合到了一起。

49． The saturated media universe may have weakened our top-down focus.

正确答案：D 解析：根据题目中的线索词saturated media universe将本题出处定位于D)段。该段第2句提到我们饱和的媒体宇宙也许已经将后一种能力(即前一句提到的reaction attention)赋予了，把我们孩子的大脑变得不同。接着详细说明了这

种影响：我们对环境刺激的注意力越来越多——嘿，又一条短信!——代价就是专注能力。由此可知，饱和的媒体宇宙削弱了我们的专注能力。

50． 8 to 18 years old children spend about 11 hours using media per day if each content stream is counted separately.

正确答案：B

解析：根据题目中的线索词8 to 18，11 hours using media和each content stream is counted separately将本题出处定位于B)段第3、4句。这两甸提到，去年凯撒家庭基金会发布的一项报告发现，8至18岁的孩子平均每天使用娱乐媒体的时间是7小时38分钟。如果你把每项内容都分别计算的话——比如，很多孩子在发短信时还在看电视——他们每天使用媒体的时间几乎达到了11小时。题干是对第4句的同义转述，只是将原文的主动语态you count each content stream separately转化为被动语态each content stream is counted separately。

51． According to Stone, adolescents may do better than their parent generation on learning how to prioritize tasks.

正确答案：G

解析：根据题目中的线索词Stone，adolescents，better than和learning how to prioritize tasks将本题出处定位于G)段最后一句。该句提到，也许这种迹象说明了我们的孩子在学习如何安排事情川页序方面将会比我们做得更好。题干是对原文的同义转述，其中their parent generation指代的是原文中的we。

52． Focused learners can do high-level thinking and may get well-paying jobs more probably.

正确答案：E 解析：根据题目中的线索词Focused learners，high一level thinking和get well—paying jobs将本题出处定位于E)段。该段末句提到，如果我们想让我们的孩子在装配线工作，那么依赖机械性习惯的多重任务处理者可以做的很好。但专家们一致认为要想做高薪工作，高水平的思维是关键，我们最好锻炼我们的海马体。由此可知专注者能进行高水平的思维，最可能获得高薪工作。

53． Multiple interruptions during kids’ sleep time may lead to trouble on their cognition and body the next day.

正确答案：I

解析：根据题目中的线索词Multiple interruptions，cognition和the next day将本题出处定位于I)段倒数第2句。该句提到，尽管孩子睡9到10个小时，但是如果受到多重打扰——比如来自枕边iPhone的嗡嗡声——那么第二天他们的认知就会受到影响，并且感到身体疲惫。题干是对原文的同义转述。

54． What the author worries about is that his kids’ online activity may have bad

effect on their brains.

正确答案：A

解析：根据题目中的线索词What the author worries about，his kids和their brains将本题出处定位于A)段倒数第2句。该句提到，作为一名社会生物学家，我担心的不是我的孩子们在网上干些什么，而是这些行为对他们的大脑所造成的影响。题干是原文的同义转述。

55． According to UCLA scientists, the focusers and the multitaskers rely on different parts of their brain in learning.

正确答案：E

解析：根据题目中的线索词UCLA scientists，the focusers and the multitaskers和different pans of their brain将本题出处定位于E)段第2句。该句提到，2006年，加州大学洛杉矾分校的研究人员表明，多重任务处理者和专注学习者在学习同样的内容时使用大脑的不同部位。题干是原文的同义转述，rely on对应deploy。

56． According to Danah Boyd, the hyperprotective way parents behave is the real reason for kids’ continuous partial attention.

正确答案：F

解析：根据题目中的线索词Danah Boyd，the hyper protective way parents behave和real将本题出处定位于F)段第1句。该句中提到，包括Danah Boyd在内的一些科技观察者称，社会媒体正遭受不公正的看待，真正的问题(即导致孩子注意力不集中问题的原因)在于作为父母的我们过于保护孩子的方式。题干是原文的同义转述。

Section C

A very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate. So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as “Death Control”. You have no doubt heard of the term “Birth Control”. “Death Control” is something rather different. It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind. If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More

than three-fifths of the world’s land cannot produce food. Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its “capital” — its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us. It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.

57． According to the passage, what contributes to the population increase? A．Human beings’ ignorance. B．The failure of “Birth Control”. C．The success of “Death Control”. D．Technological innovations.

正确答案：C 解析：根据题干中的the population increase将本题出处定位于第2段前两句。首句提到，为什么会出现如此庞大的人口增长呢?第2句说明原因：因为知识的普及以及被称为“死亡控制”的做法。结合该段末句提到的this success(指代Death Control这一做法的成功)对人类造成最大的威胁可知，答案为C)。A)与原因之一the spread of the knowledge矛盾；“Birth Control”在文中提到过，但并未说人口增长是因为“计划生育”的失败，故排除；Technological innovations是Death Control成功的原因之一，不够全面，故排除D)。

58． Land to support human beings is insufficient because______. A．most of the world’s land is unusable

B．farm land becomes desert due to climate change C．populations in poor countries take up greater land D．the world’s land is not distributed equally

正确答案：A 解析：根据题干中的Land和support将本题出处定位于第4段首句。题干中的Land to supporthuman beings is insufficient与该句提到的so little land to support us对应，前一段末句对此进行了解释说明：世界陆地面积大约有五分之三是无法生产食物的，A)中的most of theworld’s land与More than…land对应，unusable与cannot produce food对应，故答案为A)。B)是基于常识设的干扰项。C)在文中未提及；D)是针对第3段第2句中的If条件句设的干扰项。

59． What do we learn from the fourth paragraph?

A．Mineral resources do bring people fortune. B．Fertile soils are nonrenewable sources in fact.

C．People have learned to use land in a protective way. D．People usually regard groundwater as not replaceable.

正确答案：B

解析：根据题干中的the fourth paragraph将本题出处定位于第4段。该段末句提到，对于其他一些很重要的、通常不被认为是不可再生的资源，比如肥沃的土壤、地下水……我们也同样在毁坏它们。由此可知，我们通常认为肥沃的土壤、地下水等是可再生资源，而事实上它们是不可再生资源，故答案为B)。A)是针对its “capital”一its…mineraldeposits设的干扰项；C)与该段第2句矛盾；D)与原文意思相反。

60． According to the passage, many people tend to believe that______. A．lowering the birth rate doesn’t make any sense

B．it is wealth countries that should practice birth control C．it’s wrong to artificially prolong people’s lives D．poor countries are to blame for the harm to nature

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干中的believe将本题出处定位于第5段首句。该句提到，有一种很普遍的观点，认为人口爆炸所带来的问题主要是由生活在贫困国家的穷人造成的。该段末句提到，发展中国家确实对他们的环境有所影响，但总体而言，带来了更大影响的是富裕国家的人口.结合首句可知，人们会认为人口爆炸造成的环境破坏问题应由贫困国家而不是富裕国家负责，故答案为D).A)是针对poor people…do not know enough to limit theirreproduction设的干扰项；B)是针对该段末句的后半句设的干扰项；C)在文中未提及。

61． What is the author really concerned about in the passage? A．Unnecessarily prolonged life spans. B．Population explosion. C．Overuse of resources.

D．The gap between the rich and the poor.

正确答案：C

解析：本文首先指出如果人口持续增加，有限资源将无法满足人们的需求，并说明人口增长原因，接下来说明可用土地资源的有限性，指出我们理应保护资源但我们却在过度使用和破坏它们。由此可知，作者关注的是对资源的过度使用，因为这可能会导致日益增长的人口的需求无法满足，故答案为C)。作者的主要关注点并非是人口爆炸，只是从人口爆炸对有限资源产生巨大的需求入手，说明可用资源的有限性以及人们对资源的过度使用，故排除B)；A)只是文中的一个点；文中提到发达国家和发展中国家对环境的影响，并未提及差距，故排除D)。

Women are on the verge of outnumbering men in the workforce for the first time, a historic reversal caused by long-term changes in women’s roles and massive job losses for men during this recession. Women held 49.83% of the nation’s 132 million jobs in June and they’re gaining the vast majority of jobs in the few sectors of the economy that are growing, according to the most recent numbers available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. That’s a record high for a measure that’s been growing steadily for decades and accelerating during the recession. At the current pace, women will become a majority of workers in October or November. “It was a long historical slog(沉重缓慢的前进)to get to this point,” says labor economist Heidi Hartmann, president of the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. The change reflects the growing importance of women as wage earners, but it doesn’t show full equality, Hartmann says. On average, women work fewer hours than men, hold more part-time jobs and earn 77% of what men make, she says. Men also still dominate higher-paying executive ranks. Women have been a growing share of the once heavily male labor force for nearly a century, recording big bumps during epochal(划时代的)events such as the Depression and World War II. This time, the boost came from a severe recession that has been brutal(无情的)on male-dominated professions such as construction and manufacturing. The only parts of the economy still growing — health care, education and government — have traditionally hired mostly women. That dominance has increased in part because federal stimulus funding directed money to education, health care and state and local governments. The gender transformation is especially remarkable in local government’s 14.6 million-person workforce. Cities, schools, water authorities and other local legal power have cut 86,000 men from payrolls during the recession — while adding 167,000 women, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Unemployment among men isn’t going to last forever,” says University of Chicago economist Casey Mulligan. “People will move from construction and manufacturing to industries that are creating new jobs.” Mulligan expects the portion of jobs held by women to peak slightly above 50% this year, then drop below half when the economy recovers and more men find work.

62． What does the author say about the workforce during this recession? A．Men make up the most profitable sectors. B．Women gain jobs while men lose jobs. C．Women take the most jobs in the economy. D．Women outnumber men in few sectors.

正确答案：B

解析：根据题干中的during this recession将本题出处定位于第1段和第3段首句。第1段提到经济萧条时期大量男性丢了工作，第3段首句提到经济衰退时期女性就业人数更是迅速增加，结合这两句可知，经济衰退时期，女性获得就业岗位，而男性却丢掉工作，故答案为B)。A)在文中未提及；C)是针对第2段提到的they’re gaining the vast majority of jobsin the few sectors of the economy that

are growing设的干扰项；文中提到女性outnumberingmen in the workforce，而不是few sectors，故排除D)。

63． According to labor economist Heidi Hartmann, the current workforce change______.

A．will bring women equal pay as men

B．couldn’t hide sexual inequality that still exists C．reflects women’s struggle to support the family

D．results from men’s domination of higher-paying jobs

正确答案：B

解析：根据题干中的Heidi Hartmann将本题出处定位于第5段前两句。该段首句提到哈特曼认为，这一变化并不意味着完全平等。第2句举例说明性别上的不平等：女性的工作时间比男性短，做更多的兼职工作，收入只是男性的77％，由此可知，哈特曼认为劳动人数的变化无法掩饰依然存在的性别不平等，故答案为B)。A)与earn 77％ of what men make矛盾，故排除；C)是对the growing importance of women as wage earners的错误理解；D)是针对第5段末句设的干扰项。

． What happened to the women workforce during World War II? A．It decreased suddenly.

B．It contributed to the high unemployment rate. C．It enjoyed a boost.

D．It took over the male-dominated professions.

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干中的World War II将本题出处定位于第6段首句.该句提到，特别是每当有像大萧条和第二次世界大战这样的具有划时代意义的大事发生时，女性就业人数便会大幅攀升，C)中的boost是对文中提到的bumps的同义转述，故答案为C)，同时排除A)。B)与原文意思相反；第6段首句提到，在一些曾被男性主导的劳动岗位中，女性所占比例也在不断增加，但没有说控制了这些领域，故排除D)。

65． According to the passage, one aim of the federal stimulus funding is to______.

A．promote health care and education B．create new jobs for laid-off men C．reduce the unemployment rate

D．encourage women to work outside the home

正确答案：A

解析：一根据题干中的federal stimulus funding将苓题出处定位于第7段末句。该句提到，联邦经济刺激计划的资金注入教育、医疗保健以及州和地方。根据该基金投资的方向可推断出，联邦经济刺激计划的资金的目的是为了推动教

育、医疗保健等方面的发展，故答案为A)。B)、C)、D)三项在文中均未提及，故排除。

66． It is anticipated by economist Casey Mulligan that______.

A．there will be equality in workforce numbers by the end of this year B．it will be much easier for men to find work compared with women C．the image that the man has to be the breadwinner will soon change D．men will exceed women in the workforce with the economic recovery

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干中的Casey Mulligan将本题出处定位于末段末句.该句提到，穆利根预计女性把持工作的比例在今年将会达到顶峰，稍微超过50％，然后，当经济复苏、更多男性找到工作时，这一比例将会下滑到50％以下，D)(随着经济复苏，男性劳动力的人数会超过女性)正是对穆利根这一预计的同义转述，故答案为D)。A)与穆利根提到的theportion…above 50％this year矛盾，故排除；文中只提到more men find work，并未说男性更容易找到工作，故排除B)；C)在文中未提及，故排除。

Part Ⅳ Translation

67． 中国人喜欢喝茶，也常常用茶来招待朋友和客人。茶叶是中国人生活中的必需品。茶树原产于中国。中国古人发现茶树后，起初是把茶叶作为药用，后来才当作饮料。花茶(scented tea)是中国独有的一个茶类，是在茶叶中加入香花熏制而成的。最有名的花茶是福建产的茉莉花茶(jasmine tea)。喝茶不但可以止渴，还能消除疲劳，帮助消化，预防一些疾病。长期饮茶，对人的身体很有益处。

正确答案： The Chinese people like to drink tea, and often entertain friends and guests with it. The tealeaf is a necessity in the life of the Chinese people. China is the homeland of tea. The ancient Chinese first used it for medicinal purposes before developing tea as a drink. Scented tea is peculiar to China, which is made by smoking tea leaves with fragrant flowers. The most famous one is jasmine tea produced in Fujian Province. Drinking tea can quench one’s thirst, dispel fatigue, help digestion and prevent some diseases. The constant drinking of tea is quite beneficial for people’s health.